BbipameHHbiM cjieAyioiuHM 06pa30M: «raona ah iiiiit y'ihhht iic T-feyn saaTa, ,V,SlllÉrSKHHa AH... KKCi ÉCT ‘MOHaCTHpCKO»50.
    B TeKCTe «PyccKoft flpaB/ibi» TepMHH AymeryócTBo He ynoMHHaeTca, ho oh HMeeT ujnpoKoe npHMeHeHHe b ApyrHx hctohhhksx 3toh *e anoxn: MHTponoJiHHbe npsBocyAHe, KOTopoe hctophkh cmhtsiot hsmhthhkom XIII
—	XIV BeKOB51 h b rpaMOTax XV Bena52. «PyccKaH ripaB^a» ynoTpeò-JlHeT TepMHH yÖHHCTBO H TOJIOBHHMeCTBO, a BHHOBHblH Ha3bIBaeTCH — yÓHHU3 h roJioBHHK. TaKme BCTpenaeM TepMHH — aoAoea. To^ioBa c 0Ó03HaMeHHeM yÖHToro ynoMHHaeTCH b KpaTKOH ripaB^e, ct. 19: «rojioBa HaMHeT JiemsTH» 53 to ecTb r^e 6y^eT Hañ^eH yÔHTbifi. Ct. 1 yKa3biBaeT o6"beM AeHe>KHoro B3Hoca 3a yÓHToro: «Ame He òyjyei kto MbCTH, to 40 rpHBeH 3a roJioBy»54. B ripocTpaHHOH ripaB^e rojioBa ynoMHHaeTCìi b HecKOJibKHx CTaTbHx: 2,3,8,1786. Ct. 8 FOBOpHT O TOM, MTO nOMHMO BHpbl, KOTOpaH HlJia KHH3K) 3a yÒHHCTBO, po/iCTBeHHHKaM yÓHToro TaKme AaBaJiH B03Harpa>KAeHHe -«3a rojioBy 3 rpHBHbi»56. TepMHH rojioBa h roJioBHHMecTBo o6o3H3M31ot B03Harpa>KAeHHe 3a yÒHToro, KOTopoe njiaTHJiH ero poahmsm. H3yqeHHe TepMHHOB rojioBa h rojioBHHMecTBO npeflCTaB/ineT oco6mh HHTepec a-ah pyMbiHCKHX HCCJieAOBaTejiefl, TaK KaK pyMbiHCKHH TepMHH raoKa npoHCXOAHT OT ApeBHe-CJiaBHHCKoro raana, ot KOToporo me npoH3orn.no h pyccKoe CJIOBO — rojioBa.
    To/ioBa, KOTOpaH o6o3HaMaeT yÖHHCTBo hjih yÖHÜuy, BCTpeMaeTCH MacTo b pyMbiHCKHx rpaMOTax. TaK, HanpHMep, b 1526 roAy ce^a Thcmch-CKOrO MOHaCTblpH ÖblJIH OCBOÖOJKAeHbl OT nOBHHHOCTH HCKaTb yÖHHUy Ha hx 3eMJie: «hh raasua CKC-Jana ,\a he koaht» 67. KorAa b rpaMOTax roBopHTCH
06	yÖHHCTBe, bhhobhbih Macro o6o3HanaeTCH cjiobom rojioBa: «3anJiaTHT rojioBOH», «noTepaji cboio rojioBy». Ecjih yÖHHua — nejioBeK öeAHbiä h He MOJKeT AaTb TpeóyeMoe B03Harpa>KAeHHe, 3a Hero MoryT 3anJiaTHTb h Äpyrne: «sanaaTHA fa\ì> raaK»58.
    He noAJie>KHT coMHeHHio, mto raoKa BeAeT CBoe H3M3.no ot raa<ki, o6o3HaMaiomeH yÔHHCTBo, TaK me KaK w AyiueryÒHHa np0H30iu.na ot ASiuerSRCTKa. Co BpeMeHeM raoEa Boo6in,e oóo3HaMaeT iirrpat}), KOTopuft AaeT
B03M0>KH0CTb OTKynHTbCH OT HaKa33HHfl.
    HHTepeCHO OTMeTHTb TOT cj)3KT, MTO B COBpeMeHHOM pyMblHCKOM H3bIKe TepMHH racua coxpaHHJiCH, ho H3MeHHJi cboio ceMaHTHKy : oóo3HaMaeT CTapyto xyAyio JiomaAb — KJiHMy. HeKOTopbie hctophkh BbicKa33JiH npeAnoJiomeHHe, HTO TepMHH raOKa — BblKyn 3a yÖHHCTBO, np0H30Uie^ OT H33B3HHH JI0UI3AH, T3K K3K BblKyn TJiaBHblM 06pa30M nJiaTHJICH CKOTOM H nJI3THBUIHe HOpO-BHJiH AaTb b cMeT ynji3Tbi HeroAHbift ckot59.
         P. P. P a n a i te s c il, yK03an. npou3e., cip. 126.
51	M. H. T h X o M h p o b, riocoôue ÔAH usynenuM PyccKoù ilpaedbi, CTp. 128.
     52	FlaMHmHUKU pyccKOZO npaea, III, CTp. 172.
    53	M. H. THxoMHpoB. yK03an. npou3a., CTp. 80.
     54	PyccKdR ripaeda, II, CTp. 28.
     55	M. H. THXOMHpOB, y K03ÜH. rlpOU36., CTp. 90.
     56	TaM *e.
      57	A 1. § t e f u 1 e s c u, Mänästirea Tignami, ByxapecT, 1909, CTp. 217.
     38	G h. Ghibänescu, Vasluiul, Hccbi, 1926, CTp. 24.
      59 N. 1 o r g a. yKa3an. npou38... CTp. 89, 90.
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