B pyMbiHCKkx HCTopHMecKHx iismhthhksx XV BeKa npecTynJieHHSi oóbmHO GbiBaiOT Ha3BaHbi TepMHHOM — «BHH3 ». Cym,ecTB0B3Ji3 onpeAeJiH-H3H KjiaccH(J)HKauHH, acjihblhsh achhhh Ha ABe KaTeropHH: «óojibuiHe BHHbl» H «Ma^bie BHHbl». Ho3TC>My, B pyMbIHCKHX TpaMOTaX M3CTO MO>KHO 6bijio BCTpeTHTb BbipameHne «bchkhc bhhm», KOTOpoe b paBHOH Mepe otho-CHJiocb k oSiuhm KaTeropHHM.
    TaK, HanpHMep, b 1472 roAy b mojiasbckoh HMMyHHTeTHofl rpaMOTe, AaHHoii rioópaTCKOMy MOHacTbipro, cyAedHbifi HMMyHHTeT 6biJi BbipsmeH b cjieAyioiueñ cJx)pMe: «a ohh	h &a hmitoStk ny iipMA erSAUHOA» n
npMA o\*P’^AHHKC’1" ero; a hhoto	,le Saiaiot hhkoan hh oy moa\ ... h \a
.VOKHASWT HJf 8 0\'C(A\ H 0^ rAOKAJf (I 0\f K-KCMKHJf KHNAp 34.
    B BaJiamcKHX rpaMOTax, oTpamaioiHHX ToproBbie CBH3H BajiaxHH c BpauioBOM, raKJKe BCTpeiiaeM TepMHH «BHHa». B oahoh H3 rpaMOT, b koto-pOH rOBOpHTCH 06 OÓBHHeHHH B yÓHHCTBe KpeCTbHHHHa H3 C6Jia TpHA, yÓHHCTBo He BnoJiHe BbiHCHeHHoe, HcnoJib30BaHbi cjieAyiomne TepMHHbi: «AKO fCT KHHA. \A K$A **HHA ; AKO H'fec KHHA, Hf A\OHTÉ I’pAEHTH C’KAVp'hTHAf« ha Hero» 35.
    B «PyccKoñ IlpaBAe» h b KpaTKOH h b IlpocTpaHHOH, TepMHH «BHHa» BCTpenaeM HecKOJibKO pa3 h c TeM *e 3HaHeHHeM 36. B ct. 26, onpeAejra-fomeñ nojioJKeHHe yAapeHHoro, KOTOpbiH He CTepneB yAapHJi o6hamhk3, yKa33Ho: «He Tepna j\h npoTHBy T3Hy yAapHTb MeqeM to bhhu eMy b TOMb HeTyTb» 37. B ct. 62 yK33aH0, hto rocnoAHH, KOTOpbiH 6beT 3aKyna 33 AeJio, He HBJIHeTCH BHHOBHbIM: «TO B CeM BHHbl HeT»38. B CT. 89 TOBOpHTCH O6 y6H-HCTBe xojiona rocnoAHHOM h yKa3aHo, hto ecjiH xojion «6yAeT 6e3 bhhh yÓHeH», TO ydHBHIHH o6H3aH nJI3THTb BHpy39.
    H3 C0n0CT3BJieHHH TepMHH3 6UH0. B pyMbIHCKHX Tp3M0T3X H «PyCCKOH npsBAe» HBCTByeT, mto oh ynoTpeóJiHJiCH c TeM *e 3H3HeHHeM. 3tot TepMHH 6biJi >KHByM. B ApeBHeñ Pycn h b nocjieAyioiHHe Bens b HMMyHHTeTHbix rpaMOTax pyccKHX KHH3eñ nepnoAa (})e0AaJibH0H pa3Apo6jieHHOCTH, oh ynoMHHseTCH neoAHOKpaTHO.
    ECJIH TepMHH «BHH3» o6o3H3M3eT npeCTyn^eHHe, TO TepMHH «K33Hb» — «K33HHTH» OTHOCHTCH K H3K333HHK). B pyMbIHCKHX rp3M0T3X XV BeK3 OH ynoTpeSjineTCH nacro. TaK, b 1448 roAy, b rpaMOTe H3 BJiaAeHHe Mejib-HHH3MH Jioro4)eT3 MnxaHJia b ropOAe Baña tobophtch : «M ter koaíh nan
d/lHjfAHA AOrO^ÉT KA3NHTH H KpATH HC TOI'O, KTO (CT 8 HirO pTApH H Ilf HiWtT K03HTH HA TOTTil AMHHTvl»40.
    B 1435 TOAy HrtbH B0eB0A3, nOMHpHBUIHCb CO CBOHM ÓpaTOM CTe(J)3H0M, ycTaHaBjiHBaeT rpaHHUbi ero 3eMJieBJiaAeHHH h yrpomaeT «ka3hhth, iako KHHOKATOrO H BKO llp'feCTSllHHKA» 41, TOTO KTO HapyiHHT MHp, 3aKJHOUeHHbIH MeKAy HHMH .
     34	I. Bogdan, Documéntele lui $tefan cel Mare, I, 174, 408.
     35	G r. Tocilescu, y/coaaw npou.36., CTp. 468.
     36	Pyccnasi Ilpaeda, II, FIp. rip., ct.ct. 26, 62, 89.
     37	TaM ace, CTp. 344.
     38	TaM Ke, CTp. 526.
     39	TaM *e, CTp. 606.
    40	M. CostSchescu, yK03. npou3e. II, CTp. 313—314.
     41	TaM we, CTp. 682.
79