TaK>Ke TepMHH «33koh» BCTpenaeM h b hhom cohctshhh: «3dK0N KAd-IIICKH» H «3dK0H 3fiV\CKHH» HJIH >Ke «3dK0H IIO WKKI'ldW». TaK, HanpHMep, BoccTaHaBjiHBaH aKTbi Ha 3eMJieBJiaAeHHe nornóiime bo BpeMH TypeuKoro HamecTBHH, Ore<j)ah Bcjihkhh yKa3breaeT: «a\ki jcmh a©c<»otphah c haimhaih K0<5\pn h paAoio ra icavh (a\8 Smhhhah 3dK0N noAAior 3tA\CKoro iipdKd»27. B 3T0M cjiyiiae rocnoAapb ccbijiaeTca Ha 3eMCKHÍi oóbmañ, oh *e noBH-AHMOMy HBJIHeTCH «BJiaiHCKHM» HJIH Hie «BOJIOUICKHM 33KOHOM». B 1470 roAy PaAy KpacHBbifl, noATBepmAaH 3eMejibHbie BjiaAeHHH THCMeHCKoro MoHacTbipH b BajiaxHH, 3anpeai,aeT n0Jib30BaTbCH MOHacTbipcKHMH nacr-ÓHmaMH, He ynjiaqHBan «KdASrtpOM 1410 ict 3dKon kajuikh»-8 B tom *e, 1470 roAy, Ore4)aH Bcjihkhh, ocBo6o>KAaH ot xoJioncTBa TaTapHHa 0aH3; nocTaHOBjiHeT, mto ocBo6o>KAeHHbiH óyAeT HiHTb b MojiAaBHH KaK Bee «KOAOJfOKÉ C'K CK0HA\ KOAOCKKIAl 3dK0H0M» 29.
    H3yqeHHe pyMbiHCKHX naMHTHHKOB XV BeKa no3Bo;iHeT yTBep>KAaTb, MTO Bee 3TH BapiiaHTbi: «3CMCKHH 3dK0N», «3AK0H IIOA'Wr SfAKKCI'O MpdKd», <<K<<AOIIICKHH 3AK0H» OÓOSHa^aiOT CTapblH 3CMCKHH OÓbHiaH, TO eCTb HBJIH-10TCH oóbmHbiM npaBOM pyMbiHCKoro HapoAa.
   HapHAy c TepMHHaMH «npaBAa» h «33koh» ynoTpeóJiHiOT repMHH «KpHBAa», KOTOpblH HBJIHeTCH npOTHBOnOJIO>KHOCTbK) «np3BAbI». T3K, H3-npHMep, b 1482 roAy BjiaA BoeBOAa, oópamancb k nbiprapsM ópamoBCKHM no noBOAy HecnpaBeAJiHBOCTH, ynHHeHHOH PaAyJiy H3 KbiMnyjiyHra, nnuieT:
«SMHHHAH 3AK0H KpHK . . . cSA^H KpHKO . . . J\,A A\8 MHHHTf C/»A ÍIpdK» s0.
KpHBAy BCTpe^aeM b mojiasbckhx rpaMOTax b CMbicjie HapyuienHH Aeñ-CTByiomero np3B3 — «npsBAbi ». B 1454 roAy yTBep>KAaeTCíi cyAeÓHbiñ HMMyHHTeT HflMeHKOTO M0H3CTbIpH CO CJieAyiOUl,HMH nOHCHeHHHMH: «dAH KOAH KOAiS C/ft 0S3pHT KdKOÉ KpHKAS WT Thl^ AttA«» HC	CeAd]f d WH Ad HlJIfT
hx np<s\A o\"P'kahhkh avohacthpckh» 3l.
    «KpHBAa» oóosHawaeT TaKJKe h o6m3h. B 1580 roAy b Mojiasbhh B03-HHK CyAeÓHblH npouecc H3-3a JIOJKHOTO yCTaHOBJieHHfl Me>KH OTHHHbl, npn-HaAJieJKameft rpaMaraKy MHxafijiecKy. IlbipKajiaS Tojihh, B0cn0Jib30B3BiuHct OTCyTCCBHeM 3eMJieBJI3AeJIbII3, «JfOTdpHA (A\S C KpHKA^tO»,32 TO eCTb OÓMaHyjI ero, ycT3H0BHB eMy HenpaBHJibHyio MeJKAy ero bji3A6Hhh.
   Xoth TepMHH «KpHBAa» h He ynoMHHaeTCH b «PyccKoñ FTpaBAe», OH HBJiaeTCH OAHHM H3 CaMbIX Xap3KTepHbIX AJIH KDpHAHieCKOrO H3bIKa 9TOH anOXH 33.
Ill
    IlepexoAH k Bonpocy o BHA3X npeerynjieHHH, Mbi 33HMeMCH CH3H3J13 BonpocoM o6iu,hocth TepMHHOJiorHH, 0TH0CfiLU,eHCH k noHHTHio o upecTyn-JieHHH H H3K333HHH.
     27	I. Bogdan, Documéntele lui $tefun cel Alare, ByxapecT, 1913, I, CTp. 239, 258. -8 P. P. P a n a i t e s c u, Documéntele J'árii Romtne$ti, ByxapecT, 1938, I, CTp. 272.
     28	I. Bogdan, yxa3aH. npou.36., I, CTp. 140.
     30	I. Bogdan, Relafiile J'árii I{omine§ti cu Brasoval, CTp. 187.
31	M. Costáchescn, Documéntele moldovenesli inainte de Stefan cel Mare, £lccbi.
1932, II, CTp. 517.
     32	G h. Ghibánescu, Surete §i izvoade, XIX, CTp. 166.
     33	PyccKan Tlpaeda, II, cip. 486.
78