IlpHHHMaH bo BHHMaHHe, HTO b XVII BeKe pyMbiHCKoe cj)eoAaJibHoe o6mecTBo Majio MeM OTjraqajiocb ot oSmecTBa npeflbi,nym,Hx bckob, hbjih-ceTca B03M0>KH0CTb npeAnoJiomHTb, hto b cjiynae yBerafi, yK333HHbix Bbime, AeftcTBOBajiH Te *e HopMbi npaBa.
    CpaBHHBafl b flaHHOM oiyqae HopMbi pyccxoro h pyMbiHCKoro yrojroB-Horo npaBa, npnxoAHM k BbiBOAy, hto b ochobhom ohh 6hjih Te me, 3a HCKJlIOHeHHeM HeKOTOpbIX MaJIOBamHbIX OCOfieHHOCTeH.
    riepexoAH k KaTeropHH HMymecTBeHHbix npecrynjieHHH, KaK pa36ofl, CBaAa, TaTb6a, cJie^yeT yKa3aTb BH3M3jie, mto ohh Bee ynoMHHaiOTCH b py-MbiHCKHX rpaMOTax XV Bena, KaK HanpHMep, b mojiasbckoh rpaMOTe 1467 rofla, yK33aHHOH Bbirne.
   HtO me K3C3eTCH TepMHH3 pa36ofl — B pyMblHCKHX HCTOMHHK3X OH OCTaeTCH HeBblHCHeHHbIM. B Kp3TKOH Ilp3BAe pa36oft ynOMHHaeTCH B CT. 19: «A Hme y6biOT orHHUiaHHHa b pa36oii »6S. IlpocTpaHHaH IlpaBAa TaKme 3HaeT pa36oft h flame ycraHaBJiHBaeT 3a Hero caMoe THmejioe HaKa3aHHe: noTOK h pa3rpa6jieHHe66. OTHOCHTejibHO 3HaqeHH5i TepMHHa pa36ofi 6mjio BbICKa3aHO MHOrO npOTHBOpeMHBblX MHeHHH B pyCCKOH H COBeTCKOH JIHTe-paType. B ochobhom ohh cboahtch k TOMy, hto sto 6hjio y6HHCTBO, coBep-rneHHoe yMbiuiJieHHO bo BpeMH ApaKH — «pa36oa»67. M.H. Thxomhpob CHHTaeT, wo b noHHTHe «pa36oH» BKJiaAHBaeTCH h KJiaccoBbifi cmhcji, KaK npecrynjieHHH npoTHB (})e0AajibH0H BepxyuiKH68. BBHAy Toro hto pyMbiH-CKHe HCTOTOHKH He flaiOT HeofixOAHMbIX CBeAeHHH OTHOCHTejibHO STOro BHAa
npecrynjieHHH, bhboah, k kotophm npnmjiH coBeTCKHe cneuHajiHCTbi Ha
0CH0B3HHH pyCCKHX HCTOHHHKOB, MOryT 6bITb HCn0JIb30BaHbI RJlSi eTO HCTOJI-K0B3HHH H B pyMblHCKOH JIHTep3Type.
   Cbsas ynoMHHaeTCH bo mhohix rp3M0Tax XV BeKa, rjiaBHbiM odpa-30M B MoJIA3BHH. HeKOTOpbie rp3M0TbI C0Aepm3T CBeAeHHH, K3C3IOUl,HeC5i «CB3AbI», B03HHKUieH H3-3a 3eMejIbHbIX BJiaAeHHH . T 3K HanpHMep, B 1423 roAy HaMajiacb Tam6a H3-3a Memn MemAy BaTaMaHOM BepnroH h chho-BbflMH POTbIMnaH3. IToCJie yCT3H0BJieHHH HOBbIX rp3HHU BJI3AeHHH, MTo6bl npeKp3THTb pacnpn b 6yAymeM, cyA n0CT3H0BHJi: «a kto wt hh\' noMNfT TOT pTdp	KOTOpO» AHjfOTOW HAH CKAAOIO E^AI* KOAH, TOT 3AI1A4THT 3dKM3K!S
cto 30AdTKi\' yropcKHy»69. TflTb6a H3-33 3eMJiH, BeAymaa K «CBaAe», ynOMH-HaeTCH h b Apyrnx rpaMOTax 70.
   MojIAaBCKHe rpSMOTbl TOBOpHT H O «CKdA* TOprOKCKOH», KOrA3 Bop noflMaH Ha MecTe npecrynjieHHH 71. «GsaAd» BCTpeqaeTCH h b bsjisuickhx rpsM0T3x XV BeKa. TaK, HanpHMep, b 1474 roAy b HMMyHHTeTHOH rpa-MOTe MOHacTbipa Xtajiyji yK33aH0, wo mohbxh noJiyqaiOT np3B0 Ha aoxoaw ot cyAa pa3JiHMHbix npecrynjieHHH, cpeAH KOTopux npeMHCJiaioTCH: «cma<>
H KpOKK H TdTKEd» 72.
    65	M. H. Thxomhpob, yna3. npou3e., CTp. 80.
     66	TaM ace.
     67	PyccKan Ilpaeda, II, erp. 149—151.
    68	M. H. Thxomhpob, yKa3an. npou3e., CTp. 89.
    69	M. Costachescu, yK03an. npou33., I, erp. 159.
     70	TaM ace, CTp. 468.
     71	I. Bogdan, y/cosaw., npou.36., I, CTp. 230 h 257.
     72	P. P. Panaitescu, y/casa«. npou36., CTp. 283.
6*
83