IV
    B oóJiacTH cyAeÓHoro npouecca hcoóxoahmo oóparHTb BHHMaHHe Ha HHCTHTyT rOHeHHH C^efla, KOTOpblH npHMeHHJICH B opraHH33LlHH TeppHTo-pHaJIbHOH OÓlUHHbl B pyMblHCKHX KHH>KeCTBaX82.
    OcOÓeHHO nOJlHO 3TOT HHCTHTyT OTpameH B MO^AaBCKHX HMMyHHTeTHblX rpaMOTax. B 1454 roAy MOHacTbipb McvmaBHua 6biJi ocboSojkach ot 06a-3aTejibCTBa roHeHHH cjieAa: «h caha saoa’inc.coi’o r\A he iiaatht rct cíao wr cRCtro jfOTap-b»83 B 1458 roAy Orec^aH Be^HKHH, noATBepmAafl npaBo BjiaAeTb cejiaMH 3T0My *e MOHacTbipro, ocBo6o>KAaeT ero bhobb ot oÓH3a-TejibCTBa roHeHHH cjieAa, BbipameHHoro b Hecm/ibKo hhoíí cj)opMe: «hh cama 3A0AHHCKKiy \A NÉ l'OHHT 01f CfAO T0A\ X'OTdpS H Hf llpHAXS’r»84. B 1467 TOAy Bhctphukhh MOHacTbipb oójiaAa/i cyAeÓHbiM HMMyHHTeTOM b cJieAyromHX TepMHHax: «a hh taokS hc hh\* KpATh hh 3a A^iuerSKCTK©, IIH 3J caha»85. B 1466 roAy Cre(j)aH BejiHKHH noATBepmAaeT HMMyHHTeTHbie ripaBa PoMaH-ckoh MHTponoJiHH Ha cejio HeroeuiTbi h, nepeqHC^HH rocnoAapcKHX cjiyr, KOTopbie He HMeiOT npaBa AOCTyna b sto ce.no, ynoMHHaeT h «cAHAoronniK»86.
    Ct. 77 «PyccKoft IlpaBAbi» (npocTpaHHoñ) tobopht Tanme o roHeHHH cjieAa: «He óyAeT jih TaTH, to no cjieAy meHyTb». (Egíih TaTb CKpoeTCfl, Aojijkho rHaTb ero no c/ieAy)87- TepMHHbi pymhhckhx rpaMOT TomAecT-BeHHH c TepMHHOJiorHeñ «PyccKoñ flpaBAbi»: CAed u eonenue. HHCTHTyT «roHeHHH cjieAa» hbohbtch ApeBHeñiiiHM cnaBsiHCKHM o6bmaeM, KOTOpblH oco6eHHo xopoiuo OTpameH b CraryTe Ka3HMHpa BejiHKoro. KorAa ripee -TynHHK He noñMaH, (ho ocTaBH/i nocjie ceóa c/ieAa), bhhobhoto HCKa^H nyTeM88 «roHeHHH c/ieAa».
    TepMHHOJiorHH, KOTOpaH ynoTpeóJiHJiacb b XV Bene b Mo^iAaBHH AJia o6o3HaMeHHH HHCTHTyTa «roHeHHH c^eAa», co BpeMeHeM HCMe3aeT. Xoth Ha npoTH>KeHHH XVI—XVII bckob HHCTHTyT eme cymecTByeT, ho TepMH-HOJiorHH yme HHaH. TaK, HanpHMep, b BajiaxHH BbipameHHe «kc*ahth paaha cKt3aHa»89 o6o3HaqaeT noBHHHoeTb, JiemauiByio Ha cejie ono3HaTb bhhob-Horo, a HañAfl ero CBH3aTb h nepeAaTb BJiacTHM.
    no Mepe Toro KaK yKpenjiajicH rocyAapcTBeHHbiñ annapaT, 3Ta noBHH-HocTb cTaJia nrpaTb MeHbiuyio pojib b npoueAype oTbicKHBanHH bhhobhoto. Ho b cjiywae, ec^H bhhobhhh He 6hiji ono3HaH, o6ui,HHa 6buia o6n3aHa ynjia-THTb uiTpacjj ckotom hjih *e AeHbraMH; KaK 6bi.no yKa3aH0 Bbime, 3Ta o6ui,HHHaH noBHHHoeTb He HCMe3Jia h b XVII BeKe. TaK, b 1613 roAy Ka3-Haqeñ HoHauiKy oóparajica c >KaJio6oii k rocnoAapro, b kotopoh yKa3biBajr, hto y nero nponaji ckot, a >KHTejw cejia OóbipuiHH, Ha 3eMJie KOToporo npoH3ouiJia Kpama, «He xotht hh yóbiTKH B03MecTHTb, hh bhhobhoto ono3-
     82	V. Costáche 1, üespre problema obsliilor agrare in Tara Romtneascá si Moldara in secolele XIV —XV. « Studii ¡ji cercetári de Istorie Medie», II, (1951), CTp. 106—108.
      83	M. G o s t á c h e s c u,y)ca3aH. np0U380., II, erp. 505.
     84	I. Bogdan, Documéntele lui Stefan cel Mare, I, CTp. 14.
85	M. Cost ache sen, Documente lui §tefan cel Mare, flccM, 1948, CTp. 24.
     88	I. Bogdan, y/cman. npou3e., CTp. 95.
     87	PyccKan ilpaoda, II, erp. 564.
      88	A 1. § t e f n 1 e s c u, Documente slavo-romin relative la Gorj, CTp. 489.
      89	G h. G h i b ¡i n e s cu, Surele izvoade, XX, N» 183.
85