CyctxtHKCAJlbHOE CJ10B00EPA30BAHHE
37
napaJuiejitHO HaqmiaiOT ynoTpeSjiJiTbCH mo^cjih c -huko h -ufwa, (-nuxb). IIocTeneHHO MO^ejit c cytJxJjHKCOM -nuxb CTaHOBHTCH Henpo^yKTHBHOH, a MOflejib c -iifUKb HanHHaeT 0XBarrBiBaTi> Bee 6ojii,mee kojihhcctbo hmch cyiqecTBHTeJibHbix My>KCK0r0 pofla co 3HaqeHne.w AeiicTByioinero jini;a : iioakciiiuhk'k, ORMfpmHK'K, OKKOpmHK'K, liepfK03HHK'K H T.fl.
    B coBpeMeHHOM pyccKOM H3tiKe H3 5400 cjiOB, o6o3naqaioinHx aeñcTByiomHe jmqa My>KCKoro po/ja, b Toakobom cAoeape pyccKoeo H3biKa ü. II. YuiaKOBa 15%
COCT3BJIHIOT HMCH3 CVineCTBHTCjIbHBie C areHTHBHbIM Cy<J)(J)HKCOM -iqUK (-HUK) 1. OaKTBi, nofloßHbie Bbime Ha3BaHHbiM, He eflHHHHHbi b upeBHepyccKOM
H3bii<e.
    IIOHBJieHHe HOBbIX CJIOB, paCIHHpeHHe HJIH KOHKpeTH3ai;HH CeMaHTHMeCKOH ccjiepbi cyujecTByioinux cjiob, a TaioKe Hcqe3HOBenne HCKOTopbix cjiob npuBOflHT K H3MCHCHHHM B CJIOB006pa3OBaTeJIbHOH CHCTeMe H3bIKa.
    HTaK, H3MeiieHHH b cjiOBape o6ycjiOBJiHBaioT b h3bccthoh Mepe H3MeHeHHH b cji0B006pa30B3TejibH0ii CHCTeMe. Oah3ko, B3aHM0fleñcTBne cji0B006pa30BaTejib-HOH CHCTeMbI H CJIOBapH He HBJIHeTCH aßcOJHOTHBIM. riepB3H Menee nOflBHJKHS, He>KeJiH BTopoii. JIjih upeBHepyccKOro H3bii<a xapaKTepHbi Tpn ochobhbix Ten-fleHHHH: 1) TeHfleHHHH k coxpaHeHHio Henpo^yKTHBHbix cji0B006pa30BaTejibHbix MOflejieii; 2) TeimennHH k pacuiHpeHino ccjiepbi (jpyHKijHOHHpoBaHHH cyiyecTByio-iijhx cji0B006pa30BaTejibHbix MO/jejieii ; 3) tch^chbhh k co3flaiiHio HOBbix MOflejieii.
    OnpeflejieHHbie MOflejm ct3hobhtch MeHee npouyKTHBHbiMH hjih iieripo^yK-
THBHblMH B HpOqeCCe 06p330B3HHH HOBbIX CJIOB, npHHaflJIOKaiHHX HOBOH JieK-
CHKO-ceMaHTHHecKOH rpynne. CeMaHTHio cymecTBytomeii MOfleJiH 6ojii>me He OTBenseT HOBbIM HOTpeÖHOCTHM 06lL(eHHH (CM. npHMepbl, npHBefleHHbie Bbiuie). OflHSKO, b no/íaBJiHioiqeM ßojibuiHHCTBe cjiynaeB Mo^emi He yrpaquBaioTCii H3biKOM. CoxpsHHHCb b upyrax jicKCHqecKHx rpynnax, ohh TeM caMbiM ctsho-BHTCH JIHHIb OTHOCHTejIbHO HenpOflyKTHBHblMH H B flpyrHX HCTOpHHeCKHX yCJIO-BHHX P33BHTHH H3bIK3 BHOBb paCIHHpiHOT CCjjepy CBCerO ynOTpeßjieHHH. TaK, HanpHMep, b cobctckhh nepnoa pa3BHTnn BOCToqHCCJiaBHHCKHx H3biKOB noHB-jiaeTCH 3HanHTejibHoe kojihhcctbo hobbix cjiob. B cbh3h c 3thm B03pacT3eT npo-ayKTHBHOCTb CymeCTBOB3BUIHX B flpeBHepyCCKOM H3bIKe MO^ejieii H CT3BIHHX co BpeMeHeM Majionpo/iyi-cTHBHBiMH 2. Eojibiuyio pojib b stom nponecce HrpaeT H cJiaKTOp B3aHM0BJIHHHHH BOCTOHHOCJI3BHHCKHX H3bIKOB 3.
    IloupeBHHM MO^ejiHM06p330BajiHCbOKKa3HOHajibHbie cjiOBa. Cp. y B. B. Man-KOBCKOro: MHOronyzi&e, KopojieBKa, nacnopTt/Ha, 6o>kuuje, 6ca<uk, name, bohhutqa, h3muK, xmauuK, CMepTuiuua, h up.; y apyrax nncsTejieñ: wywuAbi, kuau, 3ajxyxa, Topon«^, iuyTHji/ca, TacnOT«^, HyrpH/c, HaiiyThe, Kpyruna h t.jj. 4
    AnajiorHMHbie cjiynsH Hcn0jib30BaHHH apcbhhx cji0B006pa30BaTejibHbix Moue-Jieñ BCTpenaiOTCH b np0H3BeuennHx yKpanHci<nx nncaTeJieñ XIX nena. Hanpn-Mep, b nbecax M. CTapimnoro: nepeKpyTewò, npH6MHÌcwò, HeripinTuicwii h up.;
     1	Cm. A. T. JI bi k o b, HeKomopbie ocoñemwcmu cyißtfiuKca /luifa -ufUK (-huk), «Bonpocbi H3MK03H3HHH», 1958, X® 1.
     2	Cm. HanpHMep, E. H. C e H h h, uaó.iwdeiiuü uad npodyxmumbiMU munaMU cytßtßuK-ca.ibHbix Hoeoo6pa.3oea.Huü coeemcKoü 3noxu, «PyccKHH H3biK b uiKOJie», 1958, X» 5.
     3	H. H. K o b a Ji h k, BueHHH npo CAoeoimip, JlbBÍB, 1958; M. F. E y ji a x a ÿ, Pa3-eutitfë öeAapycKaü .nmepamypHaü mobu y XIX—XX cm.cm. sa ÿsaeMaaànocinax 3 i mim mí cnaemi-C3KÍMÍ MoeaMt, Míhck, 1958.
    4	B. H. XoxJiaweBa, MudueudyaAbHoe c.ioeooßpasoeanue « pyccKOM AurnepamypHOM H3biKe XIX s., b c6. MaTepnajibi h HccjieflOBaHHa no hctophh pyccKoro jiHTepaTypHoro n3bn<a, t. V, MocKBa, 1962.