62
H0H OHU3
nOHHMilTL TIO/I «H33bIB3eMbIMH 3JieMeHT3MH fleHCTBHTeJIbHOCTH», KaK OnpefleJMTb «na3bieaejuoe», hjih «pe(ßepenm», T.e. to, k neMy othochtch ^aHHoe Bbipa>KeHHe» (O.C. AxmaHOBa, i{um. pa.6., CTp. 236); 2)«IIo^jioKainee cy>KfleHHH 0603-HanaeT npeÒMem mucjiu, T.e. to, o qeM HfleT peqt» (H. C. BuHorpaaoB, A. O. K y 3 b m h h, Jloiuua, M., 1953, CTp. 51).
    MecTOHmeHHe mo BbicrynaeT oSbihho b (JjopMe cpeflHero po^a, He3aBHCHM0
OT CymeCTBHTeJIbHOrO, K KOTOpOMy OHO OTHOCHTCH. 3t0 H HBJIfleTCH OflHOH H3 OCHOBHblX CTpyKTypHblX OCOßeHHOCTeH, OTJlHHaiOIHHX KOHCTpyKUHH flaHHOH noflrpynnbi ot KOHCTpyKUHH yi<a3aTejibHOH p33hobhuhocth c MecroHMeHHeM manoü.
   e) KoHCTpynijHH CMemaHHoro THna xapaKTepH3yiOTCH TeM, hto b hhx b KanecTBe CTep>KHeBbix sjieMeHTOB BbicTynaioT 3HaMeHaTejiLHbie cjiOBa b coneTaHHH c yKa3aTejibHbiMH MecrOHMeHHHMH, Kan HanpHMep:
    l)«TaK, HanpHMep, b pyccKOM H3biKe (JjopMa «nnmy» (ot rjiarojia«nncaTb») oßo3HaHaeT deücmeue, coenadawufee c MOMeumoM peuu, t ,e. TaKoe ;ieiicTBiie, KOTopoe npoHcxoflHT b tot caMbiö MOMeHT, Koraa o HeM cooßu;aeTCfl» (ü. C. K y 3 h e-qoB, O npuHtfunax usyuenun epaMMamuKu, H3fl. Mry, 1961, crp. 46); 2)«MHoro GbiJio cfleJiaHO /jjih H3biKa, Koe-HTO 6mjio cßejiaHO h ajih no33HH, ho no33uu KaK H033UU, T.e. TaKOH II033HH, K0T0p3H, BbipaHOH TO HJIH ßpyrOe, paSBHBan TaKoe hjih HHoe MHpoco3epnaHHe, npem^e Beerò 6bijia 6bi no33Heii, — tskoh n033HH eine He Gbijio! » (B. I\ E e ji h h c k h fi, Coh., H3r. AH CCCP, t. VII, M., 1955, CTp. 120).
    3tH KOHCTpyKUHH B03HHK3IOT, no BCefi BepOHTHOCTH, B pe3yJIbTaTe KOHTaMH-Hannn 6jih3khx k hhm KOHCTpyKUHH yKa3aTejibHOH h HeyKa3aTejn.HOH pasHOBHfl-hocth. JlaHHoe npe/xnojiOKeiiHe omipaeTCH Ha cjieAyiomne 06cT0HTejitcTBa : b c0BpeMeHH0M pyccKOM H3biKe Majio TaKHx KOHcrpyKHHH; a no Mepe Toro, KaK yßajineMCH ot coBpeMeHHoii craflHH p33bhthh pyccKoro H3biKa, hx Bce Mentine h MeHbine. npnneM mm cpaBHHBaeM sth kohctpykuhh c tohkh 3peHHH creneHH HX paCnpOCTpaHeHHH TOJIbKO C 6jIH3KHMH K HHM KOHCTpyKUHHMH yKa3aTeJIbH0H H HeyKa3aTeJIbH0H pa3HOBHflHOCTH. BjIH30CTb KOHCTpyKUHH CMemaHHoro THna K KOHCTpyKUHHM yK333TejIbH0fi H HeyK333TeJIbH0ft p33H0BH,ZIH0CTH A0Ka3bIBaeTCH cjieflyioiUHMH 4>aKraMH: B no^aBJiHiomeM ßojitiuHHCTBe sthx KOHcrpyKunfi MoryT onycKaTbcn CTep>KHeBbie sjieMeHTbi: KOr/ja b hhx onycKaiOTCH tojh>ko yKa33TeJii-Hbie MeCTOHMeHHH, TO B03HHKaK)T KOHCTpyKUHH HeyKa3aTeJILHOrO THna; KOr/ia me OnycKaiOTCH cyiuecTBHTeJibHbie, bo3hhk3iot KOHCTpyKUHH yKa33Teju>Horo rana.
    Tenepb, nocjie paccMOTpenHH OCHOBHblX THnoB cjio>KHbix npeflJiojKeHHH c yTOHHeHHeM BO306HOBHTejH>HOrO THn3, Mbl CHHT3eM UejieCOOßp33HbIM npOHJUIIO-CTpnpOBSTb B03M0>KH0CTb nepe/isHH oflHoro h Toro H<e npeflMeTHO-BeiuecTBeHHoro COflep>K3HHH pa3HbIMH COOTHOCHTeJIbHbIMH KOHCTpyKUHHMH C nOHCHeHIieM, KaK HanpHMep:
    1)	«Bo3BpaTHaii (JjopMa H3MeHHeT 3HaneHne nepexo/jHoro npH3HaKa (aeficTBHH b ero nepexoAHOcra) b 3HaneHHe npH3HaKa nenepexoyHoro, T.e. TaKoro, KOTOpbift 3aKJiiOHaeT b ce6e OTHOiueHHe tojibko k npe^MeTy mbicjih, HBjmioiueMycH cy6i>eK-tom 3Toro npH3HaKa » (B. B. Bnnorpa/jOB, PyccKuü H3UK, M., 1947, CTp. 615).
    2.	Bo3BpaTHa« cJjopMa H3MeHHeT 3Ha^eHne nepexo^Horo npH3HaKa (...) b 3HaneHHe npH3HaKa HenepexoßHoro, T.e. npH3HaKa, K0T0pbiH 3aKJiioqaeT b ceße OTHOiueHiie TOjibKO k npeflMeTy Mbicjin...
    3.	Bo3BpaTHaH (JjopMa H3MeHHeT 3HaneHHe nepexoflHoro npii3HaKa (...) b 3H3HeHne npH3HaKa Henepexo^Horo, T.e. Tanoro npH3HaK3, KOTopbin 33KjnoH3eT b ce6e OTHOineHHe tojibko k npe^MeTy mbicjih ...