68
HOH OHU3
Mbl 0TH0CHM HX K CJIO>KHbIM npeflJIOJKeHHHM C yTOqiieHHeM no CJle/iyiOIIIHM npHHH-HaM: a) yToqHHioman qacTt othochtch k cjiOBy hjih k rpynne cjiob, Bbipa>Kaio-mwx e^HHoe b CMbicjiOBOM h cTpyKTypHOM OTHOiueHHH nejioe; 6) npHflaToqHoe npeflnojKeHne, pacKpbiuaH co/iep>KanHe (J^kthhcckh yToquaeMbix ajieMeHTOB, TeCHO CBH33HO C 3THMH 3JieMeHT3MH C TOqKH 3pCHHH CTpyKTypbl H CMbICJia.
    B 3THX KOHCTpyKqHHX T3K>Ke qaCTO OflHO H3 npeflJIO>KeHHH yTOqHHeT 3H3-qeHHe, c K0T0pbiM BbicTynaioT Te hjih apyrae cjiOBa b peqn. B nepBOM cjio>khom npeflJiOM<eHHH, HanpHMep, b OTHOuieHHe TOjK^ecTBa BCTynaioT eflHHHijbi Mempu-HecKaR ducmpußyijun h manan, Komopan co3daemcn mympeHHUMU doMuitamumbiMU C6H3HMU MeMcdy cAoeaMU, ne3aeucuMO om kcikux-au6o npocmpancmeeHHUx cßaKmopoe. OflHano HeTpyAHO 3aMeTHTBj qTO b yKa3aHHOM npHMepe npHflaTOHHce npefljio->KeHHe b cymHOCTH yTOqHHeT CMbicji cjiOBa MemptmecKoü H3 cji0B0c0qeTaHHH MempuuecKoü ducmpußyifueü. Beflb cjiobo Mempimecxan HMeer flaHHOe 3HaqeHHe TOjibKO b otom cjioßocoqeTaHHH-TepMHHe, b /ipyrnx >Ke coqeTaHHHX oho HMeeT h Apyroe 3HaqeHHe. 3thm h oßbHCHaeTCH to, hto bo mhoi'hx cjiyqanx Tpy^HO np0B0flHTb qeTKyio rpaHb moka>’ cjio>KHbiMn npeflJio>KeHHHMH c cyßbeKTHBHO BbipaH<eHHbIM TOJK/jeCTBOM H CJIO>KHbIMH npeflJIOJKeHHJIMH C OÖbeKTHBHO Bbipa->KeHHbiM TO>i</iecTBOM, cp:
    1) «OflHaKO, ecjiH cqHTaTb, qTO H3biK onpeaejiHeT «KapraHy MHpa», T.e. to, Kan qeJiOBeK BoenpHHHMaeT MHp... » (O. C. Axm3hob3, tfutn. pa6., crp 41); 2) «CticTe/via aiccHOM ;ioji>kh3 SbiTb npn stom HenpoTHBopeqHBOH, T.e. TaKoii, qToßbi H3 Hee Hejib3H ßtijio Bbmecra KaKoe-JiHÖo cy>KAeiiHe A h ero OTpmjaHHe» (X[. IT. ropcKHH, tfum. pa6., CTp. 70); 3) «Oh paßoTaji 3a Heßojibiiiyio njiaTy, T.e. 3a njiaTy, noTopan Hy>KHa eMy ajih no;mep>KaHHH ceMencrBa h ajih flOCTaBJieHHH B03M0>KH0CTH TpyflHTbCH» (H. B. T O T O JI b, COH., T. III, FHXJI, 1952, Tlopmpem, CTp. 118).
    B030{)H0BJieHHe B KOHCTpyKHHHX C 06 beKTHBHO Bbipa>KeHHbIM TO/K/jeCTBOM ocymecTBJiHeTCH n0-pa3H0My: b o^hhx cjiyqanx mbi HiweeM /jejio c 6yKBajibHbiM nOBTOpemiejvi ioKoro-jiH6o cjiOBa H3 nepBOft qacra, a b apyrax b KaqecTBe B0306-HOBjiHiomero 3JieMeiiTa BbicrynaeT cjiobo, CHH0HHMHqH0e c bo3o6hobjihk>u{hmch, HO He TO>KfleCTBeHHOe C HHM. J^OBOJIbHO qaCTO BCTpeqaiOTCH KOHCTpyKHHH, B KOTOpblX B0306H0BJieHHe OCymeCTBJIHeTCH nOCpeflCTBOM MeCTOHMeHHH, KOTOpbie ßyayqH jinineHbi KaKoro-jinßo npeAMeTHO-BemecTBeimoro co^epHonnH, jiHinb ynasbiBaioT Ha yroqHHeMoe, Haxo^nmeecH b HenocpeACTBeimoft 6jih30cth.
    B cjiOH<Hbix npegjio>KeHHHx 3Toro THna BbicrynaeT iok cpeacTBO cbh3h TOjibKO cok)3 mo ecmb.
    C ToqKH 3peHHH cTeneHH aScrpaKTHOCTH e^HHHn, BbicTynaioninx b KaqecTBe «nOCpeAHHKOB», CTep>KHeBbIX 3JieMeHT0B, flaHHbie KOHCTpyKUHH AiOKHO pa3Ae-JiHTb Ha TpH rpyraibi: a) KoHcrpyKHHH HeyKa33TejibH0ü p33hobh/ihocth ; 6) KOHCTpyKUHH yK333TeJIBH0H pa3H0BHflHCCTH; e) KOHCTpyKHHH CMeiuaHHC-ro THna.
     a)	K o h c t p y k n h h h e y k a 3 a t e ji b h 0 h p a 3 h o b h ^ h o c t h xapaKTepH3yioTCH TeM, hto y hhx b KaqecTBe crep>KHeBbix eflHHmi BbicrynaioT cjiOBa, He oßjia/iaiomiie yKa3aTejibH0CTbK), Kan HanpHMep:
     1)	«ÜCTHHHOH Ha3bIBaeTCH MblCAb, COOTBeTCTByiOIHaH fleHCTBHTejIbHCCTH, T.e. MbICJIb, B KOTOpOH BepHO, HeHCK3>KeHHO OTpa>KeHa fleflCTBHTeJIbHOCTb. JIOHCHOH Ha3biBaeTCH mbicjib, HecooTBeTCTByiomaH AencTBiiTejibHOciH, T.e. mbicjib, b KOTOpOH IieBepHO, HCKa>KeHHO OTpa>KeH3 /leilCTBIITejIbHOCTb» (JI. n. r OpCKHH, ifum. pa6., CTp. 84); 2) «33BHCHMbiM cjiobom npn ynpaBJieHHH hbjihctch hmh cymecTBHTejibHoe hjih jnoöoe cyßcraHTHBHpoBaHHoe caoso, T.e. cjiobo, y KOToporo