KOToporo HHKorfla h Hiirfle hc Ghjio»1. To >Ke canoe yTBcp>KflacTCH KpuTii-KOM h B cTaTbe «B3rjiflfl Ha pyccKyio JiHTepaTypy 1847 rofla», b Koiopoii oh k TOMy >Ke OTMcnaeT, hto cjiyjKeHHO oßmecTBCHHUM HHxepecaM — sto hco6-xoflHMoe ycJioBiie ncKyccTBa, h OTHHMaTb y Hero sto npaBO — 3HaniiT y6ii-BaTb ero.
    Ha TpaflHHHH pyCCKOH pCBOJHOHHOHHO-flCMOKpaTHHCCKOH 3CTeTHKH onilll-pajicH ^],o6pofl/KaHy-repH h b noHHMaHiui ncKyccTBa KaK B0Ciip0ii3BeACHHH
fleHCTBHTCJILHOCTH H Bbipa/KeHHH o6lIi;eCTBeHHOrO C03HaHHH, H OCOÖCHHO -
B TpaKTOBKC BonpocoB pcajiH3Ma.
    PeajiHCTHHecKHC TpafliiHHH pyccKOH JiHTepaTypiii h sctothkh iioMorjiu py'MLIHCKOMy KpHTHKy nOHHTb nOTpCOHOCTIl IiepeflOBOii pyMHHCKOH JIHTCpa-Typbi, 6opoTbCH 3a yTBep>KflCHne 11 pacu,BCT b Hcii nepeflOBoro pcajiucTiiHe-cKoro HanpaBjieHHH. H sto 06cT0HTCJibCTB0 HMejio noHCTHHe orpoMHoe 3na-HOHiie jjjih fleHTeJibHOCTH Tcpii. B KOHije XIX-ro bckb, Kor^a b CTparax 3anaflHOH Eßponbi JiHTepaTypy HaBOflHHJiH HaTypajihsm h ^pyrne «hobcìì-Hiiie» TeneHiiH flCKaji;eHTCKoro ncKyccTBa, /J,o6poflHcaHy-repH CMor npoTii-BOCTOflTb BCCMy 3TOMy nOTOKy H TeopCTHHCCKH yTBCpflHTb flOCTH}KeHHH HCKyC-CTBa Kapaji;>KáJie, 9MHHecKy, Konróyna h flpyriix pyMHHCKHX KJiaccHKOB.
    3aHj,iiTa peaJiH3Ma h oflHo 113 caMux «pKiix BbiCTyiuieHitii /I,o6po,n->KaHy-repn npoTHB HaTypajiii3Ma coAep>KHTca b ero CTaTbe 0 TypreHCBo. Onupancb Ha oijcHKy, noTopyio ftaJi TyprcHCBy ,H,o6poJiK)6oB, l'epa niiiueT: «OH 3aHHWajICH CaMblMH >KHBOTpenemyU],HMH flJIH Pocchh BonpocaMii, noKa3HBan b cbohx 3aMeHaTOJibHbix KapTHHax bcc, hto khhcjio b cTpaHO, Bee, hto BOJiHOBajio ero pofliiHy». ^ajiee pyMHHCKiiii KpHTHK uoKasbiBaeT, hto Taima iicKJiKmiTeJibHoro bjihhhhh pyccKoro nncaTeJiH, npeBocxoflfimero BJiHHHHC KpyiiHeñuiHX HiicaTeJieii OpaHU,HH 11 Ahiuihh, oö^hchhctch h tcm, HTO xapaKTepHoií nepToii TBopnecTBa TypreHeBa hbjihctch TaKH<e «ero pea-JIJI3M, peaJIH3M, HOHHTHH B CaMOM JiyHIHCM, B HaCTOameM CMblCJie 3T0r0 cJioBa»2.
    TepH noKa3biBacT, hto «oTBpaTiiTejibHHH peajiH3M » — HaTypaJiH3M,
CTOpOHHHKaMII KOToporo BHCTynaiOT yHCHHKH 3oJIH, - HO ÍIBJIHCTCH IIOJI,-
JIIIHHblM HCKyCCTBOM. CaMOl’O 3oJIH, OrOBapiIBaCTCH pyMUHCKHH KpiITHK, MO/KHO HOCTaBIlTb pilflOM C 3THMH nilCaTCJIHMH JIHÜlb yCJIOBHO, TaK KaK OH OTJIIlHaJICH OT HIIX «CBOHM ÖOJIbHIHM TaJiaHTOM, KOTOpbIM HC BJiaflCJI HII OflHH H3 ero nocjie^oBaTejiCH»3. B npoH3Befl¡eHHHx nucaTejieñ TaK Ha3biBaeMoii «niKOJibi 3ojih» H3o6pa?KaeTCH He neJiOBeK, a 3Bepb b HeJioBeKe. BeccMbicJieH-Hbie oHHcaHHH OTfleJibHHX flCTajieii, nopHorpa<f>HHecKHe cneiiM Ha tbichhh CTpamm HMeioT n,eJibio bo hto 6bi to hh CTajio æoôhtbch ycnexa y 6yp>Ky-a3HOH nyßjiHKH.
    B npoTHBonoJiOîKHocTb 3TOMy TypreHCB Bcer^a h npc/K^e Beerò hcjio-BeK; oh BbicTynaeT rjiyßoKHM ryMamicTOM, a noTOMy h iioajihhhbim pcaJinc-TOM. MHTepecHO, HTO flJiH onpefleJieHHH TypreHCBCKoro TBopnecTBa Tepn Hcnojib3yeT BbipajKemie «nanHonaJibiibrir peaJiii3M», jnejiaa no^nepKnyTb stiim ryMaHHCTHHecKHH xapaKTep Been pyccKOH JiiiTepaTypbi.
    1	Tüm Me, t. X, CTp. 92.
    2	C. DOBROGEANU-GHEREA, Sludii critice, vol. II, CTp. 336.
     3	Tom xe.
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