XOflHT TCTeHHe CHHCXOflllTejlbHOCTH, iKajIOCTH, JIK)6bH K JlIOflHM, npan^H, Mom,Hoe CTpeMJioHiie k JiyHineMy»1. PyMbiHCKan KpnraKa He npouiJia mhmo Toro Monj,Horo peBOJHOHiioHHoro npH3WBa k Jiyqineii >kh3hh , kotoplim CbiJia npoHHKHyTa nbeca. M. Ga^oBHHy b cbohx BocnoMmiaHiiHX o TopbKOM nncaji, hto cJiOBa 6pofl«r hs nbecbi «Ha ,n;He» 3By^aan «KaK npo.nor k peBOJUoumi »2. Hmohho 3tmm o6T>HCHaeTCH tot TpHyMiJiajibHHH ycnex, KOTopbiii BunaJi na ftOJJIO 3TOrO np0113BeflCHHH ropbKOrO He TOJIbKO B PyMHHHH, HO H BO MHOTHX CTpaHax Miipa.
    Ycnex r0pbK0BCK0ii nbecbi oSycJiaBJiMBaeTCH, pa3yMeeTCH, He TOJIbKO ee BbicoKHM HfleiiHbiM coflepjKaHiieM, ho h ee BbicoKoxyflOH<ecTBeHHOH $op-Moii. fl,a>Ke Han6oJiee peaKU,iiOHHaji nacTb pyMHHCKoii kphthkh (oHa OTpn-HaJia B03M05KH0CTb nOflHHTHH 3THX JIIOfleH CO flHa HiH3HIl), KOTOpOH 6bIJia HC
no BKycy nbeca c ee peBOJiioHiiOHHbiM coflepjKaHiieM, npH3HaBajia bhcokoc xyfl0H<ecTBeHH0e MacTepcTBO TopbKoro b co3,n;aHiiH xapaKTepoB, npaB/jnBOM H3o6paH<eHnn «jjyxoBHon jkii3hh caMux hii3hihx cjioob HeJioBenecTBa»3. «Bee nepcoHa>KH )KHBHe, mm hx bhji,iim, hx uyBCTByoM, nomiMaeM. 3^ecb 3aKJiionaeTCH oco6oe onapoBamie nbecbi, TaK Kan 6e3 3Toro — bcc hc umojio 6w HHKaKoro xy,n,o>KecTBeHHoro HHTepeca»4, nncajia ra3eTa «flpaneayji».
    Ilbeca Topbiioro, yTBep>Kflaioni,aH noflJimiHoe peajmcTiiuecKoe ncKyc-ctbo, 6idJia HanpaBJiena npoTHB Tan Ha3binaeMoro «micToro ncKyccTBa»,
KOTOpoe HOJlAep/KItBaJIOCb B PyMHHHH B XIX-XX CTOJICTHH KpHTHKaMH
T. MaiiopecKy n 9. JIoBiiHecKy, CBirpaBiniiMii cboio poJib b ncTopnn pyMbra-ckoh JiHTepaTypHoii kphthkh. Bame ynoMHHyTbiii H. HaflejK^e nncaji,
TITO ropbKHH-«peBOJIIOHIIOHep ... H B o6jiaCTIl HCKyCCTBa . ..: e\iy HeT HyjKflbl
CpaTb bo BHHMaHHe KaKoe-Jin6o npaBHJio. Y Hero Jiirnib o^Ha cncTOMa : onncaHHC 3KH3HH Tan, nan OHa ecTb H paccKa3biBaTb noBCioAy npaBfly»5. 9thm h 06’bncHH0Tcn, roBopiiT flanbine HaflejK^e, hto ^jih «cepte3Hbix Kpn-thkob ii yneHbix, hbjihk)iii,iixch waHflapMaMii bchhhx h HeH3MeHHbix npaBiiJi «HiicToro ncKyccTBa»6, nbeca TopbHoro ocTaeTcn ein,e 3araflKoii.
    OflHaKo, no^nepKiiBan peaJiH3M nbec TopbHoro, KpnTiina nopoii cboaht ropbKOBCKiiii peajinsM k HaTypajiH3My, yTBcpjKflan, hto «ropbKHH—pea-jihct, ho ecjiH oh ii xoneT BbinpHMiiTb Miip, to oh He n03B0JiHeT ce6e yBJie^bcn cbohmii npiiHHiinaMii, hto6h npe^cTaBHTb Miip nHane, hcm oh ecTb »7.
    CoBceM He noHnTbiM ocTa.TicH flan 6oJibimiHCTBa kphthkob o6pa3 JlyKii, KOToporo cniiTaioT rjiaBHbiM repoeM nbecbi, «CBoero pofla np0<j>CT0M JiyHiimx BpeMeH»8, OTOJKflecTBJifin nopoii ero B3r;iHflbi co B3rjiH3;aMii caMoro Topb-Koro, TOM caMbIM II3BpamaH OCHOBHOH CMblCJI nbecH.
      1	T a.H. Me.
     2	MIHAIL SADOVEANU, Evocari, E.S.P.L.A., [Buc.], 1954, cTp. 255.
     3	« Drapelul», nr. 13, 1903.
     4	TaM Me. «flpanejiyji» nacaji, hto nteca TopbKoro — «He hto imoe KaK cepna cnen, 6e3 BBeflemia ii 6c3 saKJiMieHHff, BupBamiux «3 jkmhh mimeTH n no.moro hojio-BeTOCKoro yna^Ka».
     5	MAXIM GORKI, Azilul de noapte (La fund). . . Tipografia « Speranta », Bucure$ti, 1904, CTp. 5.
    6	Tum Me.
     7	« Drapelul», nr. 13, 1903.
     8	Ta.u Me.
366