*
    BTopan nojioBHHa 50-x ro,p,oB oT-iimaeTCH b iicTopim PyuuHHH o6ocTpe-hhcm KJiaccoBBix npoTHBopeHiiii ii noJiiiTiiHecKoñ 6opb6bi BOKpyr Bonpoca oÓT>('fliiHCHHH MojiflaBiiii ii BajiaxHH b c/UiHOc rocyAapcTBO. Bonpoc stot HC[)a3fleJibHO BxoflMJi b poBOJiiounOHiiyw iiporpaMMy BajinecKy ii paapeme-H»e ero cTa.no HeoGxofliiMbiM ycjioBiicM yHiiHTO>KeHHH KpenocTHiiHCCTBa 11 OCymeCTBJieHHH HaitHOHaJlbHOH HC3aBHCMM0CTH . CjIOBa BaJlMCCIíy O TOM,
hto «Pobo.'iiouiiíi hc 3aBepmHJiacb, ona Jimiib naqaTa... üo^jihhho nanno-Ha.ibHoii peBOJUOimH ñe3 coniiajilhoü peBOJiioumi He cymecTByeT»1 — nojiy-mhjih ocoéoe siiaHemie b C03flaBUiei”iCH nocJie 1848 r. oócTaHoiiKe. BopbGa, B OCHOBHOM, BCJiaCb He MeHífly peaKHllOHHHMII aiITliyHHOHHCTCKMMH 6onpaMM, yHiioHHCTCKoií (1y p>Ky aaiteii2 11 jiHÓepajibHHM óohpctbom, a MeHífly 3thmh npan>nu,iiMii BepxymKaMii h HapoflHHMii MaccaMii.
    PeBOJiiouiioHHbie HacTpoeHHH He T0JibK0 ne ocjiaCeiiajiH, ho 11 HacTOJibKo yciiJiHJincb, hto MapKC b 1855 r., OHcmiBan nojiojKOHiie b EBpone, OTMCMaji HTO HMeiOTCH «CHMHTOMbl peBOJIIOUIIH II B IIpiIflyHaHCKHX KHHWeCTBaX )>3, HTO CO BpOMCHII 1848 I'OflH «peBOJIIOHIIOHHblii flyX» B KHHJKCCTBax 0111,0 Í)0J1L,I1IC ycnjiHBaoTCH ii hto «ecJiii fleJio oGctomt flciicTBiiTeJibno TaK, to BajiamcKaH iiannonajibiiocTT» mo/Kot curpaTb BWflaioiuyrocji pojib npii o k o hh a toji i>tio m peineHHH Bonpoca 06 3thx oSjiacTHX»4.
    3tII HacTpoeHHH npOHBHJIHCb, BO-HCpBblX, B nOBMUIOHllIl iiHTepeca K yeTHOMy iiapofliioMy noaTHHecKOMy TBopnecTBy6, Hiuiomie, KOTopoe nafijiio-flaeTCH TaKHíe h b ^eHTeJibHOCTii KaK pyccKHX, Tan h GojirapcKiix peBOJiro-HIIOHHHX flOMOKpaTOB. B0-HT0pbIX, B JlllTepaTypc yCllJIHBaCTCH COHIiajIblIhlM IipOTeCT II KpilTIlHeCKOC OTHOHieHlie K fleÜCTBIlTOJIbHOCTH. B TBOpHeCTBC OflHOrO 113 OCHOBOnOJIO/KHIlKOB pyMblHCKOl'O pcajIHCTHHeCKOrO pOMaua K. OiiJiiiMona («CTapbie h HOBbie hokoh»6, 1862—1863), npKo oTpasmiacb paccTaHOBKa KJiaccoBtix chji h ochobhoii con,iiaJibiibiH koh^jimkt. JIpnMe-'laTejibHo TaKHíe h caTapiinecHoe iipon3BefleHiie Bojimhthhhhy K pyMun-ckum aHmuHamioHcuibHbiM óoupaM. OfíjiHHaa hx b tom, hto ohii «TopryioT 0THH3H0Ü», noaT rp03H0 BOCKJiiiHaeT: «Pa6c,TB0 Sojibuie HeTepmiMo, 11a HCXOfle BCK JKeCTOKMH, / Bí'flb HapOfl pyMHHCKHH BHpOC , yrHCTeiIHblX npo6llJI ^ac — I Hy, a bu, Hbii nycTH flyuni, b kom Jinnib no/jJiocTb 11 uopoKH,/ •teafiTe, HífleT B03Me3flbc Bac!»7.
    3xn HacTpoeHHH Bbipa/Kajiii npoTecT miipoKiix HapoflHbix Macc, ocofíeiino KpeCTbHHCTBa, 11 OHII HC TOJIbKO HaXOAIIJIH TJiyGoKOO COHyBCTBHC y npofl-
     1	N. BÁLCBSCU, Opere, vol. I, partea 2-a, CTp. 106—107.
     2	To eCTb CTOpOHHMKílMII II npOTIIBHHKaMIl oSieflHHCUHH. KílK H.IBCCTHO, llOfl yrp030H HapOflHUX BOJIHGHllii, BCe 3TS[ npOTllBOCTOÍIIUlie napTHH IinOCJIC«(TBHM O&heflM-hhjihci., coa^aB TaK Ha3HBaeMyio «Tiy;(on»muyio koujihuhk)».
    3	K. MAPKC h (D. 9HTEJIBC, Coi., t. X, CTp. 164.
    4	K. MAPKC, 11 ®. 9HrEJIbC, Cok., t. IX, CTp. 376.
     5	‘DojiLKiiopiiuM HCCJieAOBamiíiM yae.-ifliOT BHHMíiHiie M. I\or:wiiiii'raiiy, Ajicko Pycco, KoHCTaHTim Heipynnii- Torja blixoaht cSopmiKH iisBee/rnoro r,o6npa're;iíi PyMtiHCKoro $0Jii.KJi0pa AnTOHa rtauHa; b 1852 r. B. AjieKcanflpn nyCjiiiKyeT uchhhíí c6opHHK C KOMMeHTapilHMII IIapodtlCM 1103SUH py.MblK.
     6	1Iokoü — Hapo^Hoe HasBaime 3KcnjiyaTaTopfl-noMcmiiKa.
     7	II3 A nmojiosuu pyMHHCKOÜ noa3uu, CTp. 164. PyccKHfi nepcBOA H. 1 lo^rop¡íTiami.
309