KanHTajiHCTimecKHX. MeHTa o cnacTbe, Hflcajiti Jiioflcü, Kacaiomnec« caMbix pa3jmqHLIX CTOpOH B ÎKM3HH, HO MOIVIM HO 0Tpa3HTb 3T0T HCTOpMHGCKHH npoijecc. HaHiman ot cneKyjiHTHBHoii (JmjiococjpMH h BiuioTb 30 noBoro iifleajia KpacoTbi, HejiOBenecKHH yM HCKaji H/jeajiH3HpoBaHHbie <J)opMbi npefl-CTaBHeHHH HOBblX aKOHOMHqeCKHX H OÔmeCTBeHHblX OTHOineHHH. üpOTHBO-peHHBHe TeHflemjHH, noHBiiBiniiecH no3flHee, b XIX Bene, u;ejiHKOM bhtc-KaioT ii3 aToro rpaHfliio3Horo yciuiiin.
    O npeflinecTBeHHHKax coBpeMciïHoro connajin3Ma, arax «npocBemeHHtix Myæax», K0T0pbie, KaK OTMeTHJi 9Hrejibc, npiiroTOBJiHJiii bo OpaHH,HH yMbi peBOJilOHHH h «He npii3HaBajin HiiKaKOH cym,ecTByiomeH BJiacTH », tôt >ne SHrcjibc roBopuT ji;ajibrao: «Tonepb mh 3HaoM, ^to sto napcTBO pa3yMa He ôojibrae KaK HfleajiH3HpoBaHHoe H,apcTBo ôypjKyaaim, ^to BenHan cnpa-BeflJiMBOCTb, KOTopaa Tor^a 6biJia npoKJiaMiipoBaHa, Hanuia CBoe ocyme-CTBjieHiie b 6yp?Kya3HOH kjcthijhh, ^ito pa3yMHoe rocy^apcTBO, le contrat social Pycco, Bonjiorajiocb b 6ypjKya3H0-fleM0KpaTHTOCKyi0 pecnyÔJiHKy h hh bo hto flpyroe BonjioTHTbCH He Morao. BejiHKne MtKÿiHTeJiH XVIII BeKa — KaK h MbicjiHTejin Bcex npeflHflymHX bckob — He MorJiii blihth H3 Tex rpaHHH,, KOTopue hm nocTaBHJia anoxa»1. HfleajiH3au,HH, KOTOpaH GbiJia HeoôxoflHMa 6yp5Kya3HH, b BH^y BbinojiHeHHH ee hctophtockoh MHCCHH, npOHBHJiaCb He TOJibKO B oSjiaCTH OÔmeCTBeHHblX HayK, ho npo-HIIKJia H B HCKyCCTBO, OÔjiaCTb, B KOTOpOH, K y,H,HBJieHHIO MHOTHX, HMeHHO 6opu,bi 3a fleMOKpaTHqecKyio pecnyÔJiHKy noflflepîKHBajiH HeoKJiaccHu;H3M, noTOMy hto, KaK 3T0 BHpa3HTejibH0 noKa3aji MapKC, «KaK hh Majio repon’iHO 6yp>nya3Hoe o6in,ecTBo, flJiH ero noaBJieHHH Ha cbct noHa^o6HJiHCb repoH3M, caM0n0>KepTB0BaHHe, Teppop, MeœfloycoÔHaH Bofraa h 6htbh HapoflOB. B KJiaccHiiecKH CTpornx npeflaHHHx phmckoh pecnyÔJiHKH rjiaflnaTopbi 6yp>Kya3Horo o6ui,ecTBa Hanuiii H^eaJibi h xyflOHiecTBOHHbie (jjopMbi, hjijiio-3HH, HeOÔXOflHMbie HM flJIH TOrO, HTOÔbl CKpbITb OT CaMHX Ce6fl 6yp?Kya3HO-orpaHHHCHHoe coflepHîaHHe cboch 6opb6bi, htoôh ynepîKaTb cboo Boo^yineB-Jieirae Ha BHcoTe BeJiHKOH ucTopiraecKon TpareflHH»2.
    TaKHM û6pa30M 6opu,bi 3a «CBo6o/i;y, paBeHCTBo 11 6paTCTBO» noAroTO-bhjih ho TOJibKO noôefly 6ypH<ya3HH, ho h <j)opMH toh rpaHflH03H0H mhcth-$HKau;HH, KOTopyio HOBbiii rocnoflCTByioin,HH KJiacc h cero^HH HcnoJib3yeT flJiH HfleojforHHecKoro onpaB^aHHH aKcnJiyaTanHH h o6m,ecTBeHHoro Hepa-seHCTBa. üoaTOMy nat|)oé XIX BeKa 6liji na$ocoM pa3o6jia*ieHHH. HacTyn-JieHHio 6yp>Kya3Hbix OTHOineHHH, K0T0pbie CTpeMHJiHCb Bce — BnJioTb flo MOpajIbHHX I];eHHOCTeH — npeBpaTHTb B TOBap, pOMaHTHKH npOTHBOHOCTaB-Jihjih Bepy b npoBHfleHHHajibHyio mhcchio ncKyccTBa, cnocoÔHoro, KaK flyMajin ohh, npeBpaTHTbCH b OCTPOBOK, KOToporo He KacaeTCH anH^eMHH MepKaHTHJibHOCTH, aroH3Ma h nomjiocTii. Ho poMaHTHHecKan no3a 0Ka3ajiacb tojilko n030H, cTpeMJieHHe k npaKmunecKOMy pa3pememiio BonpocoB aojihîho Shjio KaK-TO 0Tpa3HTbCH H B HCKyCCTBe. H TaKHM 06pa30M nOHBHJICH H 3aHBHJI CeÔH CaMHM CHJIbHHM JIHTepaTypHblM /ÎBH/KCHHCM TOrO BpeMeHH KpHTliqe-
ckhh peajiH3M. Ho orpaHHHHBaacb pa3o6jiaqeHHeM, noKa3HBaH jmnib hto
     1	K. Mapnc, 0. dmejibc 06 ucttyccmee, THXJI, M., t. I, 1957, CTp. 379.
    2	K. MAPKC, ®. SHTEJIbC, H36panHue npou3eedeHu.il b RByx tomax, tom I, orH3, Mockbü, 1948, CTp. 213.
17 — C. 650
257