CJiyjKÖy CBocMy na pio b KanecTBO BaccaJioB. HHorfla hx Ha3UBaioT «paÖOTHHHM»1 .
    B CepÖCKHX CpCAHOBeKOBUX HCTOHHHKax pa3JIHHaCM HeCKOJIbKO BHflOB paöoTu: «paöoTa b napHHe», «paöoTa b Kyne», «HepKOBHaH paôoTa» h «npoHHiipcKaa paöoTa». Kan h b öoJirapcKHX rpaMOTax ynoMHHaoTCH «Majiaa h BeJiMKaa paöoTa».
    B 3aKOHHiiKc C/re<})aHa Ay1113*1«1 aaBHCHMne KpecTbHHe — «Meponxa», KOTOpUX HCKOTOpue HCTOpiIKH CHHTaiOT 3aKynaMH KweBCKOH Pye«2, Cujiii oÖH3aHU paöoTaTb npoHHHpy: „AuponjfOAMv 34kohk ne KhceavK sìamh oy nsa^a» Aa pauoTdio akhh HpoiiHMpö“3. MeponcKaa paöoTa cocTOHJia h3 ceHOKoca, opaHbH h yxofla 3a BiiHorpaflHHKaMH. Hmohho 3Th noBHHHocTii HasbiBajiHCb «paÔOTaMH MaJIbIMH H BPJIHKHMH ». EcJIH KpeCTbHHC HaXOflllJIMCb Ha HepKOBHOH 3CMJie, to hx noBHHOCTH Ha3biBajiHCb «HepKOBHaH paöoTa». Tan, HanpHMep, B rpaMOTe AeMaHCK0r0 MOHaCTHpH (1330, HJI. 31), OTpOKIl BbinOJIHHJIH HepKOBHyK) paöoTy4.
    B copöcKHX HCTOMHHKax ynoMiiHaeTCH TaKHte h paöoTa, KOTopyio flOJi-
JKHbl BHIIOJIHHTb CJiyjKHJIbie JlIOflH - CJiyril. XpiICOByJI IIpH3pGHCKOH cnnc-
KOHHH (1326 r.) roBopiiT o «npoHiiHpcKHX paôoTax»6. B 1357 r. Cie^aH yporn HíajiyH 3eMJien cbohx 6oHp, yKasHBaoT, hto 3to œajioBaHbe „sa hii^k npaKOK-bpH« h KCKfepKAKMHíHí riopaKOTaiiHi“6. 06fl3aTejibCTBa 3eMJieBJiafleJibHeB necTii cJiyHtßy c noìnajioBaHHOH 3ümjih o6o3HaHenu TepuHHOM «nopaßoTaHHe».
    TaK b cpcflHeBGKOBOH CepÔHii XIV BeKa TepMiiHOM paóoma o6o3HaMajincb o6«3aTeabCTBa 6o«p h npoHiiap, b KanecTBe 3eMJieBJia/je.iibHeB. Hx paöoTa COCTOHJia B HGCeHHH BOeHHOH Cjiytfdjbl. HcTOMHHKH HCHOJIb3yiOT H TepMHH «paÖOTHHKH» IIO OTHOmCHHK) K ÖOHpaM 11 CJiy JKHJIHM JHOßflM. B XpHCOByJIO KoHCTanTiiHa AceHa (1227) cjiyHüuiHe JiioflH Ha3BaHhi «paöoTHHKH napcTBa MH»7. Tom >KC TepMiiHOM «paÖOTHHKH» o6o3HaHCHbI B CepßllH, B JlbrOTHblX rpaMOTax, 11 KpecTbHHe, KOTopue Ha ocHOBaHiiH noJiyncHHbix 3eMJieBJia^;eJib-HaMH npHBJIJieniH o6H3aHH 6hJIH BbHIOJIHHTb nOBHHHOCTH TOJIbKO B HX noJib3y : „pa3Kf Aa	páKOTHHHH CK. HmKCiIH“8. TaKHM 06pa30M, B ÖOJirapCKHX H
cepßcKiix HCTOHHHKax h 3aBiiciiMue KpecTbHHe, h 3eMJieBJiafleJibHbi o6h-3aHHHe HecTH BoeHHyio CJiy>K6y, o6o3HaHaioTCH TeM ®e TepMHHOM: paöomHUKU.
    H3 npoCMOTpa CJiaBHHCKIlX — pyCCKIlX H K»KHOCJiaBHHCKIlX HCTOHHII-KOB MOÎKHO npiiilTH K 3aKJlH)H0HHK), HTO o6fl3aTeJIbCTBa, CBH3aHHbie C ÖOHp-CKHM 3eMjieBJia3eHHeM hjih we c KpecTbHHCKiiM 3eMJien0Jib3OBaHHCM 6hjih o6o3Ham'Hbi TepMHHOM paóoma. 3to 6hji flpeBHeiiinHH TepMHH, KOTopHM o6o3HaHaJIHCb nOBHHHOCTH JIIOflCH, CBfI3aHHHX C 3CMJICH, B KaKOH 6u TO HH 6bUIO <J>°PMe-
    Oö^HCHeHiie coflepjKaHHH aToro TepMima HyjKHO HCKaTb b ycJiOBHHX ÿeo^ajibHoro o6ni,ccTBa, Kor/ja b Hanajie rocy^apcTBeHHocTH cJiy>KHJiHe
     1	M. AHflPEEB h fl. AHTEJIOB, Hcm.opu.si na 6-bjiiapcKama frbpucaea u npaeo, Co$hh, 1959, CTp. 137.
     2	PyccKOH Hpaeda, II, CTp. 475.
3	C. HOBAKOBIITi, 3okohuk Cmefßana flymana, Eeorpafl, 1898, CTp. 55.
4	T. TAPAHOBCKH, Hcmopuja cpncnoz npaea, I, Beorpafl, 1931, cip. 80.
    8 Ta.H Me, I, CTp. 40.
    6	C. HOBAKOBIITi, yn. coi., CTp. 311.
    7	H. IIBAHOB, y k. coi., CTp. 586.
    8	C. HOBAKOBHH, yn. coi., CTp. 580.
546