CTaBaJiH paciunpflTbCfl Ha bccm npoTH>KeHiiH XIX BOKa h b Hanaac XX BeKa) cnop 06 OTHomeHHH k nepBOMy b Miipe coijHaJiHCTHMecKOMy rocyflapcTBy, a TaK>Ke k coBeTCKon KyjibType h JiHTepaType ho Mor — mto BnojiHe ecTC-CTBOHHO M OÖ'bflCHHMO — He npHHHTb ÖOJIOe MCTKOH (|)OpMbI. B BoJirapHH f HanpHMep, peBOJUOHHOHHan JiiiTepaTypa 3HaHiiTeJibHO o6oram,aeTCH b TpcTbeM h neTBepTOM æcchthjicthhx Harnero BeKa. Kan Ha sto yKa3HBaioT HenoTopne HCCJICflOBaTeJIH, COHHaJlHCTHHeCKHH peaJIHSM 0(j)0pMHJICH B BoJirapilH B n033HH XpHCTO CMHpHCHCKOrO, HOfl HenOCpeflCTBeHHblM BJIHHHHCM OKTHÒpb-CKOH peBOJiroHHH h MOJioflOH COBCTCKOH JiHTepaTypbi1. B llojibnie ailTllÖyp->Kya3HaH JiHTepaTypa pa3BHBaeTCH TaKHie nofl CHJibHbiM bjihhhhcm coBeT-CKOH JiHTepaTypu. B 30-hx ro^ax no33HH BpoHeBCKoro, npo3a KpyMKOB-CKoro h BaHflbi BacHjieBCKoii hocht oTKpHTbiii peBOJiioHHOHiibiii xapaKTep h co^epìKaT Bce onpeflejiHiomHe sjieMeHTbi coinnajiHCTHMecKoro pea-JIH3Ma .
    BMecTo c TOM pacTeT, oflHaKo, h HfloojiorHHecKan arpeccHBHocTb 6yp-H<ya3Hii. JlHTepaTypHHe fliiBepcHH CTaHOBHTCH Bce 6oJiee HacTOHMiiBbiMH. fl,ecHTii.neTHH Me/Kfly AByMH mhpobmmh BOHHaMH xapaKTepHsyioT — noMTH bo Bcex eBponeìicKHx CTpaHax — rnyMHoe pa3BiiTHe MOflepHiicTCKHx flena-fleHTCKHX JiHTepaTypHbix TeMeHiiii, mto BJieMeT 3a coôoii noflMepKHyTO aHTii-o6ni;ecTBeHHyio, ho npeTCHflyioiHyio Ha «peBOJiioHHOHHOCTb» JiHTepaTypy. 0Ta MHCTH<j)HKaHHH BBOflHT B 3a6jiyH{fleHIie HCKOTOpblX npeflCTaBIITeJieH MOJIOflCJKH. HtoGh nOJIOHìeHHe npOHCHHJIOCb, flOJI/KHH 6hJIH npOHTH roflbl. Ho B CJiaBHHCKHX CTpaHax 6oJiee HIHpOKHe B03M07KH0CTH TipoHHKHOBeHIlH COBCTCKOH JiHTepaTypu npiiBCJiH k TOMy, mto stot npoijecc ona3ajiCH 6ojiee ÔHCTpbiM h pemiiTejibHbiM. B to >Ke BpeMH npou,ecc stot npoTCKaji nofl 6oJiee HBHblM BJIHHHHeM nOJIHTIlMeCKOÍÍ 6opb6bI.
    CjieflOBaTejibHO, paccMaTpHBan b caMbix o6mnx MepTax pa3BHTHe CJiaBHHCKHX JiHTepaTyp XIX h nepBHX flecHTHJieTHH XX BOKa, mu BnpaBe cfleJiaTb BbiBOA, mto — HecMOTpn Ha ii3BecTHbie pa3JiHMHH — o6iu,eii jjjih pa3BHTHH BCCX CJiaBHHCKHX JllITCpaTyp B 3T0T IiepHOffl ÖUJia peUIHTCJIbHaH nocTaHOBKa hojihthhcckhx , ({tiiJioco^cKiix, bthmcckhx npoÖJieM.
    9to OTpa>KaeTCH H Ha pa3BIITHH SCTeTHMOCKOIÌ MbICJIH. KaK II3BeCTH0, 0CH0BH3H satana HCKyccTBa 3aKJiioMaeTCH b tom, mtoGh noMOMb jiioahm OCBOHTb fleilCTBHTCJIbHOCTb II C 3CTeTHMeCK0H TOMKIl 3pCHHH. B 3TOM CMbICJie cjieflyeT noHHMaTb 11 onpefleJieHHe, flaHHoe b KHHre «Ochobh MapKCHCTCKo-JieHHHCKOÌi SCTeTHKH », H3flaHHOII B MoCKBe B 1960 TOfly MlICTHTy TOM (J)HJIO-co(J)hh AKafleMHii HayK CCCP, h rjiacHHjee, mto «scTeTHKa H3yMaeT sctctii-necKiie oraorneHiiH MejioBeKa k fleHCTBHTejibHOCTii Boo6m,e, hx Bbicinyio 4>OpMy, HCKyCCTBO, B OCOÒeHHOCTH»2.
    OTCìofla BHTeKaeT, mto HanGoJiee cneii,n<|)HMHOM 3aflaMeii ncKyccTBa HBJiHeTCH BHHBJieHiie KpacoTH, yTBep>KfleHiie upeKpacHoro h B03BHineHHoro B 5KH3HH. 9t0 nOflTBepHiflaeTCH H XyflO/KeCTBeHHOH npaKTIIKOH, B OCOÒeHHOCTH aHTHMHOII TpeniIH, a TaKHìe HCKyCCTBa Bo3pO/KfleHHH. Ecjih TepMHH «KJiaCCHMHOCTb» (hJIH flaiKC <(KJiaCCHHH3M») OCBoGoflHTb OT ero HCTOpilMeCKOH
     1	Cm. iianpiiMep: O. <t>. MAPKOB, Eo^iapcnan no33un nepeoü uemeepmu XX sena, MocKBa, 1959.
2	OcHoeu MapKcucmcKO-jieHUHCKOÜ acmemuKu, H3fl. AH CCCP, 1960, CTp. 10.
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