ho TOJibKo oho öhjio BpcMt'HHHM1. 3aeM — Kyiia ynJianiiBaJiCH Tpy^oM 3a-Kyna2. PasopmsiiiiiecH KpecTbHHe 6hjih BHHyæfleHH 06cT0>iTejibCTiiaMn nepeiira b cocTOHHiie, cxoHtee c paócTBOM. 3eMJieBJiaflCJieij o6pamajicn c hiimii TaK >Ke Kan co cbohmh xojioriaMii : 6hji hx, HHor^a npo^aBaji hx BMecTe c paßaMH. 3aK0H coKpamaji hcto'ihiikh paöcTiia h 3anpeii;aji nopaôomaTb 3aKynoB, ho ecuH ohh He nbrraJiHCb yöeraTb hjih coBepmaTb nocTynKH, 3anpemeHHHe 33kohom .
    H flpyme hctomhiikh stoiì anoxn ynoTpeÖJiHioT TepMHH paóoma co 3Ha-HCHHeM, yKa3aHHbiM Bunin. B nponoBCflii Hjuiapnona HoBropoflCKoro r0B0-piiTCH, HTO KpecTbHHe, HaxoflHmHCCH no;* HroM paßoTbi He MoryT HecTii nep-KOBHUe HaKa3aHllH nOJIHOCTbKK nñ CHpOTdAÍ Ile AN03HTI KfAHKOH OIIMTfiWKII
,v,dKJTH; imiiiÉTK ko K'h 3anoifbArbXK:	l,c,A nro/WK pdKOTHkiA\ tu iioaki
^.d/ÄTH 3anoK-kAH“3-
    TaKHM 06pa30M, Ha ocHOBaHim pyccKiix hctohiihkob mohìho saKJUoinTb, HTO JIIOflH, HaXOflHmHeCH HOfl HTOM paÖOTH, BXOflHJIH B COCTaB JUOfleìì, CBH3aHHUX OTHOmeHIIHMH 33BHCHMOCTH OT CBOHX 3eMJieBJiafleJIbIjeB.
    Ho, KaK yKa3biBaaocb suine, TepMHH paôoma o6o3Haaaji h BaccajibHue OTHoraeHHH. HoBropoflCKaa JieTonncb, roBopa 06 ycTaHOBJieHHH TaTapo-MOHroJibCKoro nra Ha PycH, roBopHT: „H ottoaIc HdMd pdKOTdTH PyccKdid 3ìa\a,s\ TdTdpoA\“4. HamecTBHe TaTap npnBeJio k 3aBHCHMOCTH flpeBHen Pycn OT 3ojiotoh OpflH, a aTa 3aBHCHM0CTb onpeflejiHJiacb TepMHHOM paóomamu. 3thm TepMHHOM o6o3iiaMaJincb aKOHOMmtecKHe h BoeHHbie oßasaTCJibcTBa pyCCKHX KHHÌKeCTB, OH OHpefleJWJI 3aBHCHM0CTb PyCH OT TaTapCKHX XaHOB.
    y kukhhx CJiaBHH TepMHH paóoma TaKjKe 6hji ninpoKO pacnpocTpaHeH. y 6onrap mh ero BCTpeaaeM b pa3HHX HCToaHHKax, c o6ohmh 3Ha^oHHHMH, yKa3aHHHMH Bbime. BnepBbie oh noHBJiaeTca b IX Bene, oßosHaqa« o6a3aH-HOCTH KpeCTbHH no OTHOHieHHK) K 3eMJI0BJiafleJIbHy, liaSBaiIHLIC «BJiaCTCJIb-cnaa paöoTa»5. B 1277 r. b flOKyMenTax BnprnHCKoro MOHacTupa TepMHH paóoma Tanate o6o3HanaeT KpecTbHHcnne hobjihhocth, r^e yKa3biBaeTCH, HTO MOHaCTHpCKHe KpeCTbHHe „A<1 Hi pdKOTdbftTK BK HdpHHA HHKOMi pdKOT/Ti“6.
    B 6oJirapcKHX rpaMOTax 6oJiee no3flHero BpeMeHH hobhhhocth KpecTbHH o6o3HaaeHH KaK „KhC-kKH/ft pdKOTW“ HJIH }Ke KaK „pdGOTd HdpCTKd A\H“. M 3flecb TepMHH paóoma o6o3HanaeT cocTOHHne 3aBHCHMOCTH KpecTbHHHHa ot 3eM.icBJiafleJibna, Ha ntei 3eMJie oh chjjht.
    B ßoJirapcKHX iicTOHHHKax BCTpeHaeM Tanate yKa3aHHH, hto TepMHH paóoma o6o3HaaaeT BaccajibHHe oraoineHHa. TaK, nanpHMep, b rpaMOTe CTe$aHa MnjiioTHHa, flannoii BiipriiHCKOMy MOHacTbipro, roBopHTCH mto npoHHHp oÖH3aH paßoTOH coraacHO saKOHy bohhhkob (M paEOTdW... V kohhh'ikckh 3dKon)7. Boiihhhh—c.iy/KHJiue jiio^h, o6fl3aHHbie Hecra
     1	PyccKax Tip and a, II, crp. 349.
     2	PyccKan IIpaedo, II, CTp. 441.
    3	CPE3HEBCKHH, yn. con., Ili, 359.
     4	HoezopodcKan Aemonucb, CFIB, 1841—1848, IV, 6746 rofla.
    6	rOPCKHH H HEBOCTPyEB, Onucanue pynonuced Mockobckoü CuhoöajibHoü ÔuÔAuomeKu, II, 2, CTp. 227.
     6	H. HBAHOB, BtJieapcKu cmapunu, Co$hh, 1931, CTp. 582.
7	A. COJIOBJEB, Odoòpanu cnoMenuifu cpncKoz npaea, Eeorpafl, 1926, CTp. 24.
35 - c. 560
545