HOBCHHMM» HCJIOBCKOM KpiITHHOCKOrO peaJIH3Ma , H flaHîC B COOTHOIHOHIlH C OÖHKHOBCHHBIM HeJIOBeKOM JII060H 3nOXIl, JIgBHHCOH — 3T0 HCKJIIOHHTOJIbHblÜ repon, TaK KaK reponnecKne nepTbi 3iioxh 30 npofleJia CK0Hii;eHTpiip0BaHbt b ero noBe^eHHH 11 xapaKTcpe. He 6y,u,yHH «HpeaJibHbiM repoeM», JleBtiHCOH Bce hìc Boiueji b iicTopmo JiiiTepaTypbi KaK repoii, BonJiom,aiomnH b ce6e acTeTHHecKHiì H/jean con,HajiHCTHqecKOH anoxH.
    npoÖJicMa «repoii» (h ocoöchho — cooTHomemui MeìKfly «repoeM» h 06biKH0BeHHbiM HeJiOBeKOM) KaHieTCH HaM oflHoii 113 ochobhhx npoòjieM COBpeMCHHHX CJiaBHHCKHX JIIlTCpaTyp (nOBTOpHCM , MH HMCCM B BHßy HenO-cpeflCTBeHHO TOJibKo JiiiTepaTypbi cou,HaJiHCTH*iecKoro peajiH3Ma, ho npH-3HaeM, >ito b H3BecTH0H Mepe 3Ta npoßjiCMa KacaeTCH 11 apyrnx Jimepa-TypHHX HBJieHiiË), TaK KaK cnocoß pa3penieHiiH stoiì npo6jioMbi iiiicaTCJieM 3aBHCHT OT HHTCHCilBHOCTlI II BOCniITaTCJIbHOH fleHCTBeHHOCTIl nyTeiì, KO-TOpHMll OH, npn 1I0M0III,M Xy^OJKeCTBeHHblX Cpe/],CTB, flOHOCMT flO JIlOfleH caMbie nepeflOBbie HfleajiH Hamen anoxii. He cJiyqafiHo 3Ta npoßjieMa 6biJia oflHoii 113 ochobhhx TOM fliicKyccHii «ryMâHH3M h coBpoMeHHafl JiiiTepaTypa », opraHH30BaHHoii oceHbio 1962 ro^a C01030M CoBeTCKiix ÜHcaTCJieH 11 Hhctii-TyTOM MiipoBoiì aHTepaTypbi iimchii A. M. TopbKoro npii AKa^eMim HayK GCCP. HaM noKasajiHCb HecKOJibKo npoTiiBopemiBUMii cJieflyromiie coo6pa->KCHiifl B. mepßiiHw: «HoBepHO, hto repoiinecKoe pacKpbiTiie of>pa3a npn-TymeBbiBaeT, orpaiomMBaeT ero MHororpaHHOCTb, nopo>KflacT piiTopimecKiix repoeB, HanpaBJiHOT xyflo>KHiiKa Ha nyTb ynpoin,eHHUx xapaKTepiicTiiK. B 9CTeTiiKe cou,iiaJiHCTiiHCCKoro peajiii3Ma hc npoTiiBOCTOHT flpyr flpyry no-HHTIlfl repOIlHCCKOrO H OÒHKHOBeHHOTO. OflHO 113 MHOrilX flOKa3aTCJIbCTB 3Toro — 3aMeHaTejibHoe npoH3Be;i;eHiie A. ^obhìohko «IIoBecTb njiaMCHHbix JieT». B COBCTCTCKOM iiciìyccTBe npoßjieMa o6h*ihoìì >kh3hh paflOBoro qejio-BeKa — 3TO y>Ke ho TpaflHii,iioHHaH iipoßjieMa «MaJieHbKoro neJiOBeKa». Tenepb, Korfla oòjihk Macc coBepmeHHO H3MeHi«iCH, orpaHiiHHBaTb ryMami-CTMTCCKoe coflepHiaHiie JiiiTepaTypbi oahhm sthm thiiom aòcoJiioTHO Henpa-BOMepHO »1.
    Mh coBepmcHHo corjiacHbi c nepBbiM yTBep>KfleHHeM 113 stoiì HHTaTbi. Ho to, HTO 3a HiiM cjieayeT, BH3HBaeT He/i;oyMeHHe. TaKìKe He noflJieaaiT comhohhio, HTo ryMaimcTimecKoe coflep/Kamie JiHTepaTypu coHiiajiHCTiiTCC-Koro peajiii3Ma ho MOHteT 6htb ncnepnaHo ii3o6pa>KeHiieM «oöhkhobchhhx» Jiiofleä. HanpoTiiB, ryMaHii3M Bcer/ja TpeßoBaa, h TeM ßojiee TpeßyeT cerofl-HH, H3o6pa>KeHIIH TlinOB, B KOTOpUX KaK MO/KHO nOJIHee KOHU;eHTpiipOBaJIHCb 6bi flocTHHìCHMH anoxii. Hmchho noTOMy, HTo JiiiTepaTypa hbjihctch ìicKyc-CTBOM, noTOMy HTO OHa npii3BaHa noMOHb nejioBeKy no3HaTb Miip c acTera-necKoii TOHKH 3pcHiiH, JiHTepaTypa Hameii anoxii npii3BaHa KaK mohìho apne noKa3aTb, flo KaKiix BepmuH flocToiiHCTBa 11 KpacoTbi noflHiiMaeT hojio-BeKa b snoKy noòeflbi cou,HajiH3Ma. He npnòeraa k «KpaiiHiiM cjiynaHM»2, jiHTepaTypa xe MOHieT HH BfloxHOBJiHTb, HH y6e>KflaTb. fl,yMaeTCH, hto iimch-ho sto HMeJia b BHfly 0. BeprroJibu;, BocKJiiiu,aH: «y niicaTejiH ecTb ropb-
     1	FyManu3M u coepeMennaa Aumepamypa, «BonpocH jiinepaTypu», JVs 11, 1962, CTp. 15.
     2	BbipaaceHHe « cazuri limita » npuHafljiewiiT MoeMy KOJiJiere, pyMbincKOMy KpiiTiiKy OBiifly KpoxMajibniiiaHy.
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